Art Director. Nationality: German. Born: Robert Paul Fritz Herlth in Wriezen an der Oder, 2 May 1893. Education: Attended High School for Fine Arts, Berlin, 1912–14; Staatliche Kunstegewerbeschule, Berlin, 1919–20. Military Service: 1914–18—served in the German army. Family: Brother of the designer Kurt Herlth. Career: 1916–18—first theatre designs for army theatre, Wilna, with Herman Warm; 1922–36—film designer, often with Walter Röhrig, for UFA; 1937–39—designed for Tobis; 1939–45—designed for Terra; 1946–47—designed for Ulenspiegel; 1947–49—designed for Columbia, Rome; 1949–50—designed for Kamera; 1950–62—freelance film and stage designer. Died: In Munich, 6 January 1962.
Das Lachende Grauen (Meinert); Das Geheimnis von Bom- bay (Holz); Die Toteninsel (Froelich); Irrende Seelen (Froelich)
Schloss Vogelöd (Murnau); Satansketten (Lasko); Der müde Tod ( Between Two Worlds ; Destiny ) (Lang); Das Speil mit dem Feuer (Wiene and Kroll); Die Intriguen der Madame de la Pommeraye (Wendhausen)
Der Taugenichts (Froelich); Der Graf von Essex (Felner); Pariserinnen (Lasko); Fräulein Julie ( Miss Julie ) (Basch); Luise Millerin (Froelich)
Der Schatz ( The Treasure ) (Pabst)
Komödie des Herzens (Gliese); Der letzte Mann ( The Last Laugh ) (Murnau)
Zur Chronik von Grieshuus ( At the Grey House ) (von Gerlach); TartĂĽff ( Tartuffe ) (Murnau)
Faust (Murnau)
Luther (Kyser)
Looping the Loop (Robison); Rutschbahn (Eichberg)
Die wunderbare LĂĽge der Nina Petrowna ( The Wonderful Lie of Nina Petrovna ) (Schwarz); Asphalt (May); Manolescu (Tourjansky); The Informer (Robison)
Der unsterbliche Lump (Ucicky); Hokuspokus ( Hocus pocus )(Ucicky); Rosenmontag (Steinhoff); Ein Burschenlied aus Heidelberg (Hartl); Das Flötenkonzert von Sanssouci (Ucicky); Der Mann, der seinen Mörder sucht (Siodmak)
Der falsche Ehemann (Guter); Nie wieder Liebe (Litvak); Im Genheimdienst (Ucicky); Der kleine Seitensprung (SchĂĽnzel); Der Kongress tanzt ( The Congress Dances )(Charell); Yorck (Ucicky)
Die Gräfin von Monte Cristo (Hartl); Mensch ohne Namen ( Man without a Name ) (Ucicky); Der Schwarze Husar ( The Black Hussar ) (Lamprecht)
Morgenrot (Ucicky); Ich und die Kaiserin ( The Only Girl )(Hollaender); Saison in Kairo (SchĂĽnzel); Walzerkrieg ( Waltz Time in Vienna ) (Berger); FlĂĽchtlinge (Ucicky)
Die CsardasfĂĽrstin (Jacoby); Der junge Baron Neuhaus (Ucicky); Prinzessin Turandot (Lamprecht)
Frischer Wind aus Kanada (Kenter and Holder); Barcarole (Lamprecht); Das Mädchen Johanna (Ucicky); Amphitryon (Schünz el); Königswaltzer (Maisch)
Hans im GlĂĽck (+ d + sc); Savoy-Hotel 217 (Ucicky); Unter heissem Himmel (Ucicky)
Der Herrscher ( The Ruler ) (Harlan); Der zerbrochene Krug (Ucicky); Der Maulkorb (Engel)
Olympia (Riefenstahl); Der Spieler (Lamprecht)
Morgen werde ich verhaftet (Stroux); Maria Ilona (vonBolvary); Opernball (von Bolvary)
Kleider machen Leute (KĂĽtner); Rosen in Tirol (von Bolvary)
Die schwedische Nachtigall (Brauer)
Andreas SchlĂĽter (Maisch)
Wenn die Sonne weider scheint (Barlog); Ein Mann mit Grundsaltzen? (von Bolvary)
Melusine (Steinhoff)
Die Fledermaus (von Bolvary)
Zwischen gestern und morgen (Braun); Film ohne Titel ( Film without Title ) (Jugert)
La leggenda di Faust (Gallone); Verspieltes Leben (Meisel); 1 x 1 der Ehe (Jugert); Geliebter LĂĽgner (Schweikart)
Kein Engel ist so rein (Weiss); Das Doppelte Lottchen (vonBaky); Dämonische Liebe ( Der Teufel führt Regie ) (Meisel)
Dr. Holl (Hansen); Das weisse Abenteuer (Rabenalt)
Herz der Welt (Braun); Hinter Kostermann (Reinl); Die Försterchristl (Rabenalt); Der grosse Zapfeinstreich (Hurdalek); Alraune (Rab enalt); Im weissen Rössl (Forst); Der Kaplan von San Lorenzo (Ucicky)
Das Dorf unter Himmel (Häussler); Musik bei Nacht (Hoffmann); Die geschiendene Frau (Jacoby); Hochzeitglocken (Wildhagen)
Sauerbruch—Das war mein Leben (Hansen); Das fliegende Klassenzimmer (Hoffman); Der letzte Sommer (Braun); Geliebte Feindin (Hansen)
Solang' es hübsche Mädchen gibt (Rabenalt); Hanussen (Fischer and Marischka); Der letzte Mann (Braun); Teufel in Seide ( Devil in Silk ) (Hansen); Regine (Braun)
Magic Fire (Dieterle); Heute heiratet mein Mann (Hoffmann); Die Trapp-Familie (Liebeneiner); Heisse Ernte (König)
Die Letzten werden die Ersten sein (Hansen); Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix Krull ( The Confessions of Felix Krull ) (Hoffmann); . . . und fĂĽhre uns nicht in Versuchung (Hansen); Das Wirtshaus im Spessart ( The Spessart Inn )(Hoffmann)
Taiga (Liebeneiner); Auferstehung ( Resurrection ) (Hansen); Die Trapp-Familie in Amerika (Liebeneiner) (condensedversion of two Trapp Family films released as The Trapp Family , 1958); Ein gewisser Judas (Werner); Dorothea Angermann (Siodmak)
Das schöne Abenteuer (Hoffmann); Buddenbrooks (Weidenmann—2 parts); Ein Tag, der nie zu Ende geht (Wirth)
Eine Frau fĂĽrs ganze Leben (Liebeneiner); Gustav Adolfs Page (Hansen)
Die Auster und die Perle (Schnell)
Jack Mortimer (Kahlmann)
Herr und Hund (van den Berg); In einer Fremden Stadt (Hess); Zum Tee bei Dr. Borsig (Hess); Millionär für 3 Tage (Sedlmayer)
Filmarchitektur , Munich, 1965.
"With Murnau on the Set," in Murnau , by Lotte H. Eisner, Paris, 1964, London, 1973.
Contracampo (Madrid), no. 38, Winter 1985.
Kaul, Walter, in Schöpferische Filmarchitektur , Berlin, 1971.
Retro (Munich), May-June 1981.
Richter, Arno, in Cinématographe (Paris), February 1982.
Skrien (Amsterdam), February-March 1990.
Film-Dienst (Cologne), 25 May 1993.
* * *
If the pinnacle of German art direction occurred from the late 1910s through the early 1930s, then Robert Herlth, Walter Röhrig, and Hermann Warm represented that period's preeminent set designers. They fully visualized the distorted Expressionist film style as well as the more naturalistic Kammerspiel . Together they were responsible for the impressive UFA films by such important directors as Fritz Lang, Gustav Ucicky, Gerhard Lamprecht, Reinhold Schünzel, and F.W. Murnau.
Though he worked within the Expressionistic mode, Herlth's designs were not as severe as Röhrig's and Warm's, especially when compared to their extreme The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari . Herlth seemed more interested in exploiting the liberating romantic potentials of the movement's visual Helldunkel then its claustrophobic psychoses. His collaboration with Murnau and Röhrig on Der letzte Mann , Tartuffe and Faust demonstrates this direction. They modified Expressionism by pushing beyond its strict borders towards a naturalism that ironically permitted more fantasy and psychological investigation. As large baroque sets became simpler and sparser, camera stasis yielded to camera action. Instead of designing "expressive" spaces that limited action and camera movement and into which an actor was placed and frequently dwarfed, Herlth and Röhrig provided psychological impetus for movement based on locations suggested by an actor's situation. Herlth said that they attempted to adapt the space to the actor; the set could function only when the actor filled and controlled the space. Under these circumstances, the "moving camera," or Entfesselte Kamera as it was originally known, was born during the filming of Der letzte Mann . Karl Freund's incessantly moving camera perfectly complemented the interior psychology and dreams of the film as expressed by the art direction and narrative.
Herlth, Röhrig, Murnau, and Freund continued this experimentation in Tartuffe , by suggesting a historical era through evocative yet partial sets, and in the definitive screen version of Faust (Freund was replaced by Carl Hoffmann), by adopting unusual point-of-view shots, for example, Mephisto soaring over an expansive miniature landscape.
Herlth and Röhrig settled down to much less adventurous careers after Murnau's untimely death. Both worked during the period of the Third Reich, their Kammerspiel style giving way to social realism in the guise of propaganda. Herlth collaborated with Leni Riefenstahl for the visual strategies of the epic Olympia . After the war, Herlth was a prolific designer for routine studio productions and television until the early 1960s.
—Greg S. Faller
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